Voluntarism

Voluntarism is a theory that believes what one voluntarily does by their own free will is the most important and dominant experience and aspect in one’s life.  All interactions in society should be voluntary is the main aim of voluntarism.

Example- A voluntarist would do social work voluntarily and by their own free will. They would rather voluntarily choose their own  path of life and get their important experiences from that, rather than agree on other people's choices and pressure. 

Instrumentalism

Instrumentalism is the thought that a scientific theory is a useful instrument in understanding the world. A concept or theory should be evaluated by how well it explains and predicts phenomena, as opposed to how accurately it describes objective reality.

Relativism

Relativism is a theory, especially in ethics or aesthetics, that conceptions of truth and moral values are not absolute but are relative to the persons or groups holding them,all points of view are equally valid and criteria of judgment vary with individuals and their environments.

Although there are many different kinds of relativism, they all have two features in common.

(1) They all assert that one thing (e.g. moral values, beauty, knowledge, taste, or meaning) is relative to some particular framework or standpoint (e.g. the individual subject, a culture, an era, a language, or a conceptual scheme).

(2) They all deny that any standpoint is uniquely privileged over all others.

Buddhism is an example of relativism as the Buddhist have their own different religious rituals, beliefs and ideas about the world and life unlike other religions.